Questions answered.
Without the clutter.

Up to six months. The same employer cannot place the worker on probation more than once.

Yes, subject to at least 14 days' written notice under Article 9.

Generally eight hours per day or 48 hours per week, subject to exceptions.

Yes. The Executive Regulation reduces normal working hours by two hours during Ramadan.

Where multiple lawful deduction reasons apply, the total deductions may not exceed 50% of the wage. The 85% figure should not be used as the statutory total-deduction cap.

At least 30 days for each year of extended service, subject to the detailed rules in Article 29.

A foreign full-time worker must complete at least one year of continuous service to qualify under Article 51.

Using the last basic wage: 21 days per year for the first five years and 30 days per year thereafter, with proportional entitlement for part-years after completing the first year.

No. Article 51 excludes days of absence without pay from the service period used for gratuity.

Yes. The total end-of-service gratuity for the foreign worker may not exceed two years' wage.

Article 53 requires payment within 14 days from the end of the contract.

Employee documents should be handled in accordance with applicable law and official guidance. Retention of passports has long been restricted; verify the current official position for the specific case.